Parental Separation Free Essays

Brianna Golez Professor Fraga English 1A 23 July 2012 Parental Separation The parents’ sole obligation is to raise and, by definition, sustain their kids in general unit. Settling on choices and correspondence are the elements that add to a solid and agreeable condition for families. Be that as it may, what repercussions surface when unlimited differences and absence of toleration disturb that harmony while the guardians are still lawfully detained in their â€Å"marriage†? In contrast to separate, the partition between guardians is more diligently to adapt to for any pre-adult or youngster and causes more tension and worry upon the family unit. We will compose a custom article test on Parental Separation or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now While separate is thought of to be a brisk parade, it can take a normal of a half year for it to be settled. Before the finish of the documentations and gatherings, the kids included are utilized to living independently and no doubt realizing how to adapt. Conversely, division precedes the need of the separation and is where feelings for young people and any minors in that circumstance are at its pinnacle of disavowal and anxiety. Numerous things can pressure a marriage and even before the choice of a partition, give the minors inside the family the sentiment of tension and anticipated of downhill occasions. Dr. William Doherty of the Family Science Department at the University of Minnesota found that 40% of since quite a while ago isolated couples lament their choice and figured it could have been forestalled. It is normal kids are vulnerable to feeling blame over their parents’ reason of getting inaccessible and factious; be that as it may, fundamental qualities for partition incorporated a low degree of instruction and couples that had entered marriage at a more youthful age. More than one in each four youngsters have needed to persevere through the partition of their mom and father. The burdens and perplexity of the circumstance is increasingly troublesome as they attempt to acclimate to new settings, environmental factors, and living courses of action. The trouble of alteration puts pressure upon the minors since it includes the guardians attempting to come to understandings without the commitment of legitimate requirement. For youngsters, they are in a state where the autonomy that is attempting to be built up can be imperiled by them developing quicker than typical and accept more noteworthy obligations. Just as wanting to run the family and fill the job of that missing guardian. This unrest can proceed to cause issues on their mentalities towards school, individuals, and the relationship with their folks. Examination done by a group from King’s College London found that over a large portion of the kids who lived independently had hopeful perspectives since they had been â€Å"active in choices about these game plans and were bound to have positive sentiments about moving between households†. It has likewise been discovered that drops in wellbeing, secondary school dropout rates, high schooler births, and teenager suicides additionally increment to twice as likely because of parental division. Not exclusively do offspring of split relationships feel the powerlessness of their difficulty, they feel the need of a superior correspondence between them. As per a subject of parental partition, Brittney Golez, expressed â€Å"it was an enthusiastic time where you didn't know what might occur straightaway and if things would get worse†. The months preceding the separation are the hardest and turn out to be more outlandish for compromise as she later proceeds to state, â€Å"things would be simpler in the event that they were back together, and it possibly makes more worry for me when I don’t realize what more I can do†. This basic perspective on the life before a separation for a juvenile outlines the removing of living in two families one after another; in this manner making for a shaky domain. The relationship that is generally vital for the prosperity of kids and teenagers are as often as possible disturbed by the multifaceted nature of partition. Worry in the guardians is the thing that lone expands the feelings of anxiety of their posterity and thus give more dissatisfaction and hazard towards the family’s wellbeing. Complexities keep on emerging in this plague for the twelve million kids among the nation and the one in ever four who experience it. Refered to Works 1. Golez, Brittney T. â€Å"Parent Separation. † Personal meeting. 21 July 2012. 2. Furnace, Laura. â€Å"Parental Separation. †Ã‚ Familylawwebguide. com. Family Law WEB Guide, 27 Nov. 2008. Web. 23 July 2012. ;http://www. familylawwebguide. com. au/news/pg/news/see/545/file. php;. 3. Lundstrom, Karin, and Andreas Raneke. â€Å"Family Structures and Separations Among First Time Parents.  Scb. se. Insights Sweden, 30 Mar. 2012. Web. 21 July 2012. http://www. scb. se/Pages/PressRelease____331426. aspx. 4. â€Å"On Children and Separation. †Ã‚ Separatedfamiliesmatter. organization. uk. The two Parents Matter, 2009. Web. 21 July 2012. http://www. separatedfamiliesmatter. organization. uk/why-work-with-partition/division research/on-youngsters and-detachment. 5. Rooks, Linda. â€Å"Statistics On Separation and Divor ce. †Ã‚ Separation. N. p. , 9 June 2003. Web. 21 July 2012. http://brokenheartonhold. com/Statistics. shtml. Step by step instructions to refer to Parental Separation, Essay models

Teachers Responsibility Should Be Replaced by Robots

TEACHERS’ RESPONSIBILITIES SHOULD BE REPLACED BY ROBOTS For a long time, individuals gain from instructors over the world to carry on with their life. They figure out how to peruse, to tally and even to talk. In any case, certain gatherings have as of late recommended that the instructors duties ought to be supplanted by robots; the completely modified machines. Individuals with sound brain and insightful reasoning would emphatically accept that the proposition is silly. They are completely contradicted this issue as far as decreasing the nature of human touch, expanding number of joblessness and squandering money.Naturally, robots can't supplant people as instructors since they don't have what human have; feeling, energy, love and assurance. Along these lines, let us turn around to the motivation behind school in any case. It isn't just about breezing through the assessment or acquiring passing marks, however it is tied in with turning into a decent Samaritan as entirety. On the off chance that we pull out the nearness of educators in class, the otherworldly and passionate remainder of the understudies would be upset by this activity. It is a major waste to deliver human capital without human worth that can separate them from the machines.Equally significant, expanding number of the joblessness will likewise happen. In the nation itself, we are looking with the circumstance where many individuals are jobless. By supplanting the educators with robots, it will intensify the condition. The standard of utilitarianism ought to be applied as to diminish the issue of joblessness. Directly, if the administration were to buy the robots, and to supplant the instructors, the remuneration cash that ought to be paid to the educators is unreasonably expensive for the government.Even in the wake of buying all the robots, the legislature will even now need to pay for the month to month upkeep of those robots. Isn’t that expended more cash? Many would state that by having robots as educators in school, the training framework would be normalized. Not any more great and terrible educators. Be that as it may, this misguided judgment ought to be tied off rapidly. The framework that is modified to the robots, isn't adequate to provide food a wide range of understudy as in actuality we have incredible, normal and frail understudies in our schools.This is an intense issue that will require an additional consideration from the legislature before tolerating the proposition. All things considered, it is firmly accepted that educators obligation ought not be supplanted by the robots since they are absence of human touch, fuel the matter of joblessness in addition to it will be a misuse of cash. In this manner, so as to have superior training framework, we ought to have a decent quality instructor that claims the x-factor to show the understudies to turn into an ideal people as entirety.

Leadership Styles and Frameworks

Leadership Styles and Frameworks Theories Personality Psychology Print Leadership Styles and Frameworks You Should Know By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on July 01, 2019 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW Updated on January 16, 2020 More in Theories Personality Psychology Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In This Article Table of Contents Expand Lewin's Leadership Styles Authoritarian Leadership (Autocratic) Participative Leadership (Democratic) Delegative Leadership  (Laissez-Faire) Additional Leadership Styles and Models View All Back To Top A leadership style refers to a leaders characteristic behaviors when directing, motivating, guiding, and managing groups of people. Great leaders can inspire political movements and social change. They can also motivate others to perform, create, and innovate. As you start to consider some of the people who you think of as great leaders, you can immediately see that there are often vast differences in how each person leads. Fortunately, researchers have developed different theories and frameworks that allow us to better identify and understand these different leadership styles. Here are just a few of the most prominent leadership frameworks and styles that have been identified. Illustration by Joshua Seong, Verywell Lewins Leadership Styles In 1939, a group of researchers led by psychologist Kurt Lewin set out to identify different styles of leadership.?? While further research has identified more distinct types of leadership, this early study was very influential and established three major leadership styles that have provided a springboard for more defined leadership theories. In Lewins study, schoolchildren were assigned to one of three groups with an authoritarian, democratic, or laissez-faire leader. The children were then led in an arts and crafts project while researchers observed the behavior of children in response to the different styles of leadership. The researchers found that democratic leadership tended to be the most effective at inspiring followers to perform well. Lets take a closer look at the three styles Lewin identified: 1. Authoritarian Leadership (Autocratic) Authoritarian leaders, also known as autocratic leaders, provide clear expectations for what needs to be done when it should be done, and how it should be done. This style of leadership is strongly focused on both command by the leader and control of the followers. There is also a clear division between the leader and the members. Authoritarian leaders make decisions independently with little or no input from the rest of the group. Researchers found that decision-making was less creative under authoritarian leadership.?? Lewin also concluded that it is harder to move from an authoritarian style to a democratic style than vice versa. Abuse of this method is usually viewed as controlling, bossy, and dictatorial. Authoritarian leadership is best applied to situations where there is little time for group decision-making or where the leader is the most knowledgeable member of the group. The autocratic approach can be a good one when the situation calls for rapid decisions and decisive actions. However, it tends to create dysfunctional and even hostile environments, often pitting followers against the domineering leader. Autocratic Leadership Characteristics, Strengths, and Weaknesses 2. Participative Leadership (Democratic) Lewin’s study found that participative leadership, also known as democratic leadership, is typically the most effective leadership style.?? Democratic leaders offer guidance to group members, but they also participate in the group and allow input from other group members. In Lewin’s study, children in this group were less productive than the members of the authoritarian group, but their contributions were of a higher quality.?? Participative leaders encourage group members to participate but retain the final say in the decision-making process. Group members feel engaged in the process and are more motivated and creative. Democratic leaders tend to make followers feel like they are an important part of the team, which helps foster commitment to the goals of the group. Democratic Leadership Strengths and Weaknesses 3. Delegative Leadership  (Laissez-Faire) Researchers found that children under delegative leadership, also known as laissez-faire leadership, were the least productive of all three groups.?? The children in this group also made more demands on the leader, showed little cooperation, and were unable to work independently. Delegative leaders offer little or no guidance to group members and leave the decision-making up to group members. While this style can be useful in situations involving highly qualified experts, it often leads to poorly defined roles and a lack of motivation. Lewin noted that laissez-faire leadership tended to result in groups that lacked direction where members blamed each other for mistakes, refused to accept personal responsibility, and produced a lack of progress and work.?? Laissez-Faire Leadership Pros and Cons Observations About Lewins Leadership Styles In their book,  The Bass Handbook of Leadership: Theory, Research, and Managerial Applications, Bass and Bass note that authoritarian leadership is often presented solely in negative, often even disapproving, terms.?? Authoritarian leaders are often described as controlling and close-minded, yet this overlooks the potential positives of stressing rules, expecting obedience, and taking responsibility. While authoritarian leadership certainly is not the best choice for each and every situation, it can be effective and beneficial in cases where followers need a great deal of direction and where rules and standards must be followed to the letter. Another often overlooked benefit of the authoritarian style is the ability to maintain a sense of order. Bass and Bass note that democratic leadership tends to be centered on the followers and is an effective approach when trying to maintain relationships with others.?? People who work under such leaders tend to get along well, support one another, and consult other members of the group when making decisions. Additional Leadership Styles and Models In addition to the three styles identified by Lewin and his colleagues, researchers have described numerous other characteristic patterns of leadership. Here are just a few of the best-known: 1. The Transformational Leadership Style Transformational leadership is often identified as the single most effective style. This style was first described during the late 1970s and later expanded upon by researcher Bernard M. Bass. Some of the key characteristics of his style of leadership are the ability to motivate and inspire followers and to direct positive changes in groups. Transformational leaders tend to be emotionally intelligent, energetic, and passionate. They are not only committed to helping the organization achieve its goals, but also to helping group members fulfill their potential. Research has revealed that this style of leadership resulted in higher performance and more improved group satisfaction than other leadership styles.?? One study also found that transformational leadership led to improved well-being among group members. 2. The Transactional Leadership Style The transactional leadership style views the leader-follower relationship as a transaction. By accepting a position as a member of the group, the individual has agreed to obey the leader. In most situations, this involves the employer-employee relationship, and the transaction focuses on the follower completing required tasks in exchange for monetary compensation. One of the main advantages of this leadership style is that it creates clearly defined roles.?? People know what they are required to do and what they will be receiving in exchange for completing these tasks. It also allows leaders to offer a great deal of supervision and direction if its needed. Group members may also be motivated to perform well to receive rewards. One of the biggest downsides is that the transactional style tends to stifle creativity and out-of-the-box thinking. How a Transactional Leadership Style Works 3. Situational Leadership Styles Situational theories of leadership stress the significant influence of the environment and the situation on leadership. Two of these theories include: Hersey and Blanchards leadership styles:  Hersey and Blanchards model is one of the best-known situational theories. First published in 1969, this model describes four primary styles of leadership, including:?? The telling style is characterized by telling people what to do.The selling style involves leaders convincing followers to buy into their ideas and messages.??The participating style is marked by allowing group members to take a more active role in the decision-making process.The delegating style involves taking a hands-off approach to leadership and allowing group members to make the majority of decisions.?? Blanchards SLII leadership styles:  Later, Blanchard expanded upon the original Hersey and Blanchard model to emphasize how the developmental and skill level of learners influences the style that should be used by leaders. Blanchard also described four different learning styles, including:?? The directing style involves giving orders and expecting obedience but offers little in the way of guidance and assistance.The coaching style means giving lots of orders, but leaders also give lots of support.??The supporting style  is an approach that offers plenty of help, but very little direction.The delegating style is low in both direction and support.?? Situational Leadership Theories

A Beautiful Mind By John Nash - 1338 Words

A Beautiful Mind, a 2001 biographical drama, tells the story of John Nash; the film is based on a book by the same name, which was a biography of the real John Nash . The film depicts Nash’s life as he develops paranoid schizophrenia; this paper will focus on the film, the disorder itself, and the accuracies and inaccuracies of how paranoid schizophrenia was portrayed in the film. The film begins with Nash’s time at Princeton in 1947, where he has come after winning the Carnegie Scholarship for mathematics. Nash does not want to waste time on classes, instead wanting to focus on making his mark with an original idea of his own as soon as possible; because of this, he is not getting published like his classmates, which is a source of great†¦show more content†¦A psychiatrist, Dr. Rosen, tries to talk to Nash but he punches him and further attempts to flee. Rosen forcibly sedates Nash. Nash comes to in a psychiatric hospital, where he is restrained. He tries agai n to flee, and while lying on the ground, he sees a hallucination of his old roommate from Princeton, Charles. When Alicia visits the hospital, Rosen tells her that due to the nature of Nash’s work, his illness may have gone untreated for longer than most, possibly since graduate school; he also tells her about Nash’s hallucination of Charles, and she has to come to terms with the fact that Charles, who she has heard so much about but never met, is not real. Alicia then goes to Nash’s office and sees his walls covered in magazine cutouts, showing how deep he had sunk into his hallucinations. Parcher, the D.O.D. agent, is also a hallucination; Alicia goes to the mailbox Nash has been putting classified documents into, and they are all there. When Alicia visits Nash, he tells her he believes the hospital is bugged, and that he is a part of a government conspiracy. After talking to Alicia, Nash harms himself looking for the special number he believes he was given b y the D.O.D. Nash is then seen being put through insulin shock therapy. A year later, while visiting Princeton, Alicia tells Sol the delusions have passed. Some time later, Nash stops taking his medicationShow MoreRelatedA Beautiful Mind : John Nash Essay1543 Words   |  7 PagesMeredith Varner Dr. Johnston, Professor Echols 20, September 2016 A Beautiful Mind: John Nash About four years post marriage, on June 13th, 1928; John Forbes Nash Jr. was born. Growing up, Nash caused concern for both of his parents. He struggled in social interactions and rarely engaged in games that were normally exciting to children his age. In Sylvia Nasar’s biography on Nash, she found that within the â€Å"origins of schizoid temperament was that abuse, neglect, or abandonment caused the child toRead MoreA Beautiful Mind By John Nash1393 Words   |  6 PagesA Beautiful Mind, is a movie that was produced in the year 2002 by Universal Pictures. This film is about a man named John Nash who was diagnosed with schizophrenia, paranoid type. Schizophrenia is a chronic brain disorder with key features including delusions, hallucinations, difficulty concentrating, and other negative symptoms (Parekh, 2017). Paranoid schizophrenia specifically, is â€Å"characterized mainly by the presence of delusions of persecution or grandeur† (Sadock and Sadock, 2005). The ty picalRead MoreA Beautiful Mind By John Nash1381 Words   |  6 PagesA Beautiful Mind tells the story of Nobel Prize winner John Nash s struggle with schizophrenia. It follows his journey from where Nash is quite unaware of his delusional schizophrenia, full blown paranoia, to the place where Nash, his wife, and friends are contributing factors to his manageable condition seen in closing. The film offers much, and relevant insight into the psychological condition of schizophrenia, including information on the symptoms, the treatment and cures, the life for theRead MoreA Beautiful Mind By John Nash997 Words   |  4 Pages A Beautiful Mind Depicts the story of mathematical genius John Nash, and his battle with schizophrenia. When the audience is first introduced to Nash he is working to make a great discovery while attending graduate school. From the beginning, it is clear that Nash puts excessive pressure on himself to achieve this goal. Of course, his hard work eventually lead him to attain his objectives, but the stressful environment it created likely also triggered his schizophrenic tendencies. Although atRead MoreA Beautiful Mind By John Nash Essay1601 Words   |  7 Pages In the film, â€Å"A Beautiful Mind†, the main character is John Nash. Nash represents the life of a person struggling with schizophrenia. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), in order for an individual to meet the criteria for schizophrenia, one must include two or more of the following symptoms for at least 1 month and at least one symptom must be one of the first three: Delusions, Hallucinations, Disorganized Speech, Disorganized (or CatatonicRead MoreA Beautiful Mind By John Nash1732 Words   |  7 PagesThe biographical drama, A Beautiful Mind, illustrates many of the topics related to psychological disorders. The main character of the film, John Nash, is a brilliant mathematician and Nobel Prize winner, who s uffers from symptoms of Schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is defined as a â€Å"psychotic disorder involving a break with reality and disturbances in thinking, emotions, behavior, and perceptions† (Ciccarelli and White, 2012, p. 563). Nash’s symptoms include: paranoid delusions, disturbed perceptionsRead MoreA Beautiful Mind By John Nash1498 Words   |  6 PagesA Beautiful Mind (2002) is a movie based on the life of famed mathematician John Nash. The movie revolves around first, Johns struggles as a student in Princeton University, trying to formulate his own original idea on which to base his future work, and to be his first piece of work to get published. It is during this struggle that his mental stability begins to become a bit questionable. Once he finishes his paper, he is awarded a position to work at MIT . After working at MIT for a few yearsRead MoreA Beautiful Mind By John Nash Essay1958 Words   |  8 Pages â€Å"A Beautiful Mind† illustrates the l ife of John Nash who is currently living with schizophrenia. Being of intelligence does not stop the chances that one might develop the mental illness, such as schizophrenia, as the case of the character of John Nash, the Princeton graduate student, the lover of the subject mathematics and Nobel Prize winner portrayed in the movie. In movie John Nash clearly has schizophrenia and suffers from severe mental illness,hence the title â€Å"A Beautiful Mind† as he experiencesRead MoreA Beautiful Mind By John Nash Essay2033 Words   |  9 PagesPushing Past the Voices, Delusions, and Hallucinations: A Beautiful Mind A Beautiful Mind, about John Nash, follows him has he goes through life living with schizophrenia and accomplishing the biggest feat; knowing reality from unreality. When people with schizophrenia are around others, that is when their mental illness shows. Social behavior affects everyone based on who they are around and the thoughts and feelings as a response to how others act and treat you (Grant, 1963). They do not knowRead More John Nash, A Beautiful Mind Essay1628 Words   |  7 Pagesschizophrenia was 10 times higher than in the control group (Cicarelli, p. 559). JOHN FORBES NASH, JR. AND SCHIZOPHRENIA A powerful exploration of how genius and madness can become intertwined, the feature film, A Beautiful Mind, was inspired by the life of Nobel Prize winning mathematician and schizophrenic John Nash (PBS Online, 1999-2002). Nash, known as a mathematical genius and one of the most original minds of the 20th century, made his breakthrough as a twenty-year-old graduate student at

The Case of Shylock vs. Antonio in The Merchant of Venice

Case Shylock vs. Antonio in The Merchant of Venice William Shakespeares tragic comedy The Merchant of Venice is recognized for the complex concepts that it puts across, considering that it relates to a wide range of fields. The English poet and playwright is also known to have incorporated a great deal of concepts into his plays with the purpose of appealing to an educated public. The Merchant of Venice is clearly legal in nature, considering the numerous law references present in the text. It is very likely that the play generated much controversy among law scholars from around the world. The dispute between Shylock and Antonio represents one of the most intriguing sections of the play and it certainly stands as an interesting legal case. While Shakespeare proposes arbitration as one of the most effective methods of resolving the conflict, it is probable that negotiation would have generated better results when considering matters from a logical point of view. The character of Shylock is certainly not one of the fairest individuals, but he considers that contracts are one of the most important factors assisting society in being organized. The fact that he is a Jew makes it difficult for him to conduct his daily activities without being persecuted and he is determined to have his oppressors pay for what they do. Although one might be inclined to believe that he takes things too far by asking for a pound of Antonios flesh as payback providing that he is unable toShow MoreRelated Essay on Justice vs. Morality in Measure for Measure and Merchant of Venice1107 Words   |  5 PagesJustice vs. Morality in Measure for Measure and Merchant of Venice    There are many similarities shared between Shakespeares plays, Measure for Measure, and The Merchant of Venice.   The underlying theme of each work is well defined by the phrase Justice without the temperance of mercy, is power misused.   I will support this claim by drawing upon some of the characters and situations that are consistent in each story. In each story a mans life depends on the interpretation, andRead MoreSir Gawain And The Merchant Of Venice899 Words   |  4 Pagesstudying the main characters from Beowulf, Sir Gawain and The Merchant of Venice. Together, these different elements will show the long-term influences of compassion and how all three individuals are embracing its important attributes to varying degrees. Beowulf vs. Sir Gawain vs. The Merchant of Venice The three characters that will be examined include: Beowulf, Sir Gawain and Shylock. In the case of Beowulf, he was the ultimate hero who embraces the ideals ofRead MoreMerchant of Venice - Apperance vs Reality1967 Words   |  8 PagesJasdeep Bains Mrs. Valdez ENG2D1-05 Wednesday May 28, 2008 Appearance Vs Reality in Merchant Of Venice This theme of Appearance Vs. Reality is used throughout the play to mislead and confuse so things may not always be what they seem. Shakespeare uses deception to enhance the unfolding drama and involve his audience more fully in the play – the audience are party to deceptions which the characters themselves are unaware of. Prejudice was common and the word â€Å"Jew† applied to hardhearted unscrupulousRead More Appearance vs. Reality in Merchant Of Venice Essay1949 Words   |  8 PagesThe theme of Appearance Vs. Reality is used throughout the play to mislead and confuse so things may not always be what they seem. Shakespeare uses deception to enhance the unfolding drama and involve his audience more fully in the play – the audience are party to deceptions which the characters themselves are unaware of. Prejudice was common and the word â€Å"Jew† applied to hardhearted unscrupulous moneylenders. An Elizabethan audience would have been happy to see a Jew, Spaniard or a Moor deceived

Microsoft Office suite Free Essays

Over the past decade, Microsoft has produced its best selling software devices for computer products such as Microsoft Windows operating system and the Microsoft Office suite. In 2007, the Microsoft Corporation generated $51.12 billion and its product market share estimated as 90% in 2003 for Microsoft Office and 2006 for Microsoft Windows. We will write a custom essay sample on Microsoft Office suite or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the mid-1980’s, Microsoft dominated the home computer operating system and has been accused of being monopolistic, although considered a developer centric-business culture.   The company’s website is one of the most visited on the World Wide Web having received more than 2.4 million page views. In the founding years between 1975-1985, Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems were founded in Albuquerque, New Mexico then later moved to Bellevue, Washington of January 1, 1979, and then Bill Gates succeeded as CEO in 1980. DOS (Disk Operating System) had brought the company real success. In 1981, IBM awarded a contract to Microsoft for providing a version of the CPM operating system that would become IBM Personal Computer. In the 1990’s, Microsoft rose and launched Windows 3.0. the new operating system introducing new features. Windows generated more revenue popularity, and became the favored PC. Then Microsoft went onto release Windows NT. 3.1 and Windows 95. Furthermore, it expanded its product line into computer networking and the World Wide Web. Then afterwards, MSN network became a major online service competing against AOL and went along with NBC to create a new 24/7 cable news station MSNBC. In 2001, Microsoft released Windows XP that changed the face of the old fashioned Windows. Then the Windows XP Home Edition and Windows Vista. â€Å"Since the 1980’s, Microsoft has been the focus of much controversy in the computer industry. Most criticism has been for its business tactics, often described with the motto â€Å"embrace, extend and extinguish† Microsoft initially embraces a competition standard or product, then extends it to produce their own incompatible version of the software or standard, which in time extinguishes competition that does not or cannot use Microsoft’s new version† (Rodger, 1998).                                        How to cite Microsoft Office suite, Essay examples

Path of Success free essay sample

Typical summers include football practice, lemonade stands, and high temperatures; although, this was no typical summer. Temperatures fell below thirty degrees, icy ledges surrounded me, and a dangerous mixture of snow and rain pelted my face. I found myself atop the highest point in all of Europe, the peak of the Alps. My brother and I ventured on a month-long trip to Germany where we spent most of our time visiting relatives and learning about our family’s culture. Finally the last week, we got the chance to climb the Alps. We awoke at six in the morning to catch the early train and travel up through the mountain. As I reflect on it now, I realize how this trip relates to my preparation for college. The train compares to high school, which carries me most of the way; then when I graduate, I have to be ready. Full of anticipation, I was able to make the rest of the climb on foot. We will write a custom essay sample on Path of Success or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Despite the bridges to cross, ladders to climb, and icy pathways to be diverted, I managed to unveil a feeling of accomplishment I would never forget. Similar to the preparation taken for the climb, applying to the University of Wisconsin-Whitewater was no accident. The choice took months of researching, visiting, and comparing schools, to discover your university gives me the best chance to recapture that feeling of accomplishment I found at the peak of the Alps. You will find if I am accepted, I will not be one of those students who drop out after first semester. Being the third oldest of four brothers in my family and a captain on my high school football team, I know I am a leader. The question is not of whether I can succeed, but rather how far I can expand my horizons. You are the next step in my path to success; I look forward to your letter of acceptance.

Essay Sample on Cocaine Addiction of Pregnant Women

Essay Sample on Cocaine Addiction of Pregnant Women It is found from the National Institute on Drug Abuse that approximately 45,000 pregnant women were using cocaine in 1992.   Cocaine exerts several threats to unborn babies. Different kinds of health problems are observed among babies that were exposed to cocaine. These health problems range from minor to major life-threatening problems although the earlier predictions have not come true that were about the damage of the brain of cocaine-exposed babies. Unborn Baby and Threat to Its Health Due To Cocaine There are different ways in which the health of a pregnant woman and an unborn baby can be affected due to the use of cocaine during pregnancy.   Miscarriage is the biggest expected threat during the early months of pregnancy.   Premature labor can occur if cocaine is used in the later months of pregnancy.   An unborn may also suffer from a stroke or it may die. A stroke then may result in irreversible damage of brain. Premature birth occurs most likely as a result of cocaine use during pregnancy.   Cocaine-exposed babies usually have a low birth-weight. Most of the time, the head of such babies are smaller and their brains are small to in ratio with their body size. It is found from studies (Kuczkowski, 2003; Plessinger Woods, 1998; Vidaeff Mastrobattista, 2003) that women who use cocaine during pregnancy usually have a premature baby at least twice as compared to other women who do not take cocaine or any other drug during pregnancy. The size of the baby can be very small at the time of birth because oxygen and nutrients cannot be flown to the fetus due to cocaine. The heads of the cocaine-exposed babies are usually very small and thus their brain is very small too. These problems are most commonly found among women who do not quit the use of cocaine throughout their pregnancy whereas such problems are less commonly found among women who stop using cocaine as soon as they conceive the baby or in the first trimester. It is also found that the placenta becomes pulled away and does not remain on the wall of the uterus before the beginning of labor when cocaine is used during pregnancy. This condition is called placental abruption and it is very harmful for both mother and baby because this can lead to fatal condition. Moreover, other complications become enhanced during labor and delivery of the baby. Cocaine Use during Pregnancy and Physiological Effects and Complications Several obstetric complications may arise to the health of fetus and mother when cocaine is used during pregnancy. Women who use cocaine in their pregnancies are found to have less weight gain and they also suffer from different cardiac complications such as hypertension, cardiac ischemia, arrhythmia and hemorrhagic stroke (Kuczkowski, 2003; Plessinger Woods, 1998; Vidaeff Mastrobattista, 2003). If a pregnant woman is already suffering from cardiovascular problems then cocaine acts as an additive to increase the complications. (Wagner, Katikaneni, Cox, Ryan, 1998). Certain cardiovascular events such as seizures and stroke are significantly found among pregnant who use cocaine during pregnancy. This is due to the increase in the toxic nature of cocaine during pregnancy. (Plessinger Woods, 1998). Pregnant women using cocaine are also found to suffer greatly from uterine rupture, placental abruption, hepatic rupture and maternal death (Kuczkowski, 2003; Plessinger Woods, 1998). There are several physiological effects of cocaine such as hypertension, tachycardia and vasoconstriction. These effects may also be found in cocaine-exposed fetus. When women take cocaine, vasoconstriction of the maternal uterine blood vessels takes place so supply of nutrients and oxygen do not reach to the fetus properly because these blood vessels are primarily responsible to supply nutrients and oxygen to the fetus. As a result, fetal hypoxemia and uteroplacental insufficiency occur (Woods, Plessinger, Clark, 1987). Several complications such as premature labor and delivery, fetal intracranial hemorrhage, spontaneous abortion and abruptio placentae may take place due to vasoconstriction. (Cohen, Green, Crombleholme, 1991; Fajemirokun-Odudeyi Lindow, 2004; Plessinger Woods, 1998; Wootton Miller, 1994). Physiologic Effects of Cocaine Exposure during Pregnancy in Neonates There are certain physiologic effects of cocaine exposure in neonates. The molecular weight of cocaine is low and the nature of cocaine is both lipophilic and hydrophilic. Due to these properties, cocaine can easily cross the placenta and makes its way to the blood brain barrier. Cocaine is metabolized in fetus very slowly as compared to its metabolism in adult. So cocaine gets maximum time to remain in fetus. (Schenker et al., 1993; Wagner et al., 1998). Mahone and colleagues (1994) performed a study on a similar topic and found that cocaine and its compounds not only fetus by the process of diffusion to the placental vessels and umbilical cord but they are also diffused in the amniotic fluid from where the fetus swallow them. Several studies have found the effect of prenatal expose to cocaine in infants in the form of variations in intrauterine growth such as varied length, birth weight and head circumference and other effects such as prematurity. Several studies have observed the association between prematurity and IUGR of the newborn and the use of cocaine by mother.   Studies have shown that as fetus is exposed to cocaine, the newborn suffers from low birth weight, less birth length and small head circumference and this rate is increasing rapidly. The rate of premature birth is also increasing among cocaine exposed newborns despite the use of  different (Bada et al., 2002; Chiriboga, Brust, Bateman, Hauser, 1999; Richardson, Hamel, Goldschmidt, Day, 1999; Singer et al., 2002). several other studies have not found any signification relationship among lower birth weight, less birth length, small head circumference and premature birth (Bandstra et al., 2001; Bateman Chiriboga, 2000; Eyler, Behnke, Conlon, Woods, Wobie, 1998). Singer and colleagues (2002) performed a study to find out the neonatal exposure to cocaine on its length, birth weight, head circumference and premature birth. In their study, 218 infants were observed who had been exposed to cocaine in their neonatal life and 197 infants were observed who were not exposed to cocaine, then the researchers found out that when cocaine was used during pregnancy, an increase in premature labor and delivery occurred with low birth weight, less birth length, small head circumference and shorter gestational age.   Similarly, Bandstra et al. (2001) also performed a similar study and found that low birth weight and less birth length are found to be associated with material cocaine use but no effect on head circumference was found. Bandstra et al. (2001) performed a similar study and found that material cocaine use does not have effect on premature delivery because all the infants in their study were full-term. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) A small number of studies have shown the relationship among the neonatal exposure to cocaine and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). A significant increased risk of SIDS was found to have strong relationship with maternal substance abuse in a study of 1760 cases where other confounding variables were kept controlled. Those variable included teenage mother, maternal cigarette smoking, black race and birth weight (Kandall, Gaines, Habel, Davidson, Jessop, 1993). Fares, McCulloch, and Raju (1997) performed a research on 10 previously published studies and found out that there is no association of SIDS with cocaine but SIDS is observed by prenatal exposure to illicit drugs in general. Klonoff-Cohen and Lam-Kruglicks (2001) also performed a study to find out any such relation and they found that there is no relationship between the maternal use of cocaine or any other illicit drug and SIDS. It can be concluded from this literature research that there is a relationship between the prenatal exposure to cocaine and small head circumference, low birth weight, less birth length and shorter gestational age. This is a sample Medicine essay written by one of our academic writers. If you want to order a custom essay, research paper, term paper, thesis or dissertation feel free to contact us now.

How to Study for a Test the Night Before

How to Study for a Test the Night Before Youve procrastinated for who knows how long, and youre arriving at the point where, if you dont start studying now, youll go into the test with a head devoid of information. You probably know this already, but this happens to everyone. As long as you dont make a habit out of it, youre fine. Youll have a chance to reflect on what you did and why it was bad later on, now lets focus on getting you through the test with a passing grade. Get Your Space Ready If you can, go to a public space. Even though its been well-documented in the Internet that people can fall asleep pretty much anywhere, you should make sleeping an unappealing option by placing yourself as far away as possible from your bed. If you cant go to a cafe or library, make sure you make yourself as uncomfortable as possible to stave off sleep. Dont wear sweatpants, dont sit in a chair you can lay in, and stay as far away from pillows as possible. Clean your desk and use it. Get everything ready, including but not limited to: textbooks, notes, writing utensils, something to drink and something to snack on. Ideally, youll be sitting at this desk without getting up for awhile, so try and prepare everything beforehand. 50/10 You have to strike a balance between breaks and working, so set a timer for 50 minutes, and dont lift your head from that textbook before its up. As soon as times up, get up and move! Go to the bathroom, make some tea or just walk around for a bit to give yourself some energy. If youre using a computer, dont go on Facebook, Twitter or wherever else you prefer to waste time online. Youll no doubt end up in a content vortex and wont come out until an hour later. Theres no time to waste right now, so if youre using anything with a screen to study, just leave it for the duration of the break. Be Efficient When you have limited time to study, you cant afford to read all the chapters in-depth. If you encounter some information that you cant parse on your first read through and its not absolutely vital, it might be best to just move on. A lot of this process is basically going to be throwing information into your head, and hoping it sticks. Dont use a highlighter. All the highly relevant information is probably going to be bolded or highlighted in another way in your textbook. Highlighting is for when you need to find stuff in a wall of text for later use, and with the time constraints that youre under at most what you can hope is one thorough reading of the text. Yeah, it seems like some vague attempt at doing what students who dont need to cram do, but highlighters are not magical. After you finish each chapter, get a piece of paper and write down all the information that you think you will need when taking the test, in bullet point form, with headings and subheadings. This will do wonders for what information you retain, and youll quickly see what parts of the chapter youll need to revise to cover the gaps – if you have the time to do that, that is. Try these helpful memory improvement tecniques to memorize better! Go to Bed After youve done all your reading, drink a glass of water and head off for some sleep. Youll need at least a power nap before the exam, since coming in with your brain fried from all the information youve been cramming into it wont do any good. After waking up and getting ready, read through your notes. If you read the textbook, the stuff youve written down should bring up related information. See? Results! After its all over, take a look at how you got yourself in this situation. If you routinely have to cram for exams the night before, then its time to think about how you can reverse the habit. Resolve to always be on top of your reading and never turn in your homework late. Staying up all night to get a passing grade is a huge toll, and, in any case, barely passing every test you have shouldnt be the way you spend your time in college.

Transfer personal statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Transfer personal statement - Essay Example I have always had a strong passion towards the technological advancements, especially in the field of aerospace. I was always passionate about my studies since my high school and wanted to achieve high goals but my goals became clear during my college and from there on, I exactly knew what I wanted. Sometimes a minute conversation can make one realize his goal and the same thing happened to me. Aerospace engineering and its related courses have always fascinated me and eventually it has become my dream profession. Moreover, I love dealing with complex situations and I am good in the subjects of mathematics and physics which the basics of any aerospace course. My interest in aerospace engineering was at its height when I got an opportunity to fly a small aero plane as a co pilot. I got this opportunity as a result of being a part of an organization named AIAA. In its meetings, me and my fellow members get together and discuss homework problems plus related issue to aerospace. We also discuss about the latest innovations in the field of aerospace engineering and ways to uplift the technology further. I feel great being a part of this organization as it gives me an opportunity to feel the extent to which technology has advanced. The lectures which I have taken so far have developed my understanding of aerospace engineering greatly. Aerospace engineering is a very important sector of the engineering industry and it holds numerous possibilities of advances in the future. I have a great interest in this discipline and would want to study in NAME OF UNIVERSITY to pursue my dream career in it. Aerospace engineers are responsible for designing, analyzing and installing components that make up an aircraft or spacecrafts, and all these fascinates me to the fullest. The high altitudes and the need for speed plus safety drive me more into this profession. I have gained from my past experiences while attending courses in this

Do Animals Feel Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Do Animals Feel - Research Paper Example The scientific research in evolutionary biology, cognitive ethology and neuroscience states that diverse animals have rich and deep emotional lives. Emotions served as the instrument to bond and attach animals with one another. Emotions, empathy and distinguishing right from wrong are the essential keys for survival on this complex environment and social interactions about lifestyle of different species (Goodal & Bekoff, 18). Humans experienced different forms of pain as well as animals. Pain is a subjective sensation that every individual verbalized and feel. According to Sneddon in 2011 people and animals almost have the same mechanisms of pain detection and have similar areas of brain involved in how the pain is processed. In addition, humans and animals are similar in terms of pain behaviors, but obviously, assessing pain in animals is more difficult to distinguish compared from human pain. Similarly, Sneddon identified the two components of pain: the physical hurt or discomfort which is caused by inflicting injury, illness or disease and the emotional hurt or suffering. Sneddon concluded that animals, just like humans, are capable of feeling physical and emotional pain (n.p.). Humans can feel emotional pain without physical injuries or disease such as after a loss of loved one, break-up of a relationship, loss of important things in their life, etc. Contrary to Sneddon’s conclusion, some scientists stated that animals are not capable of feeling emotional pain because of the reason that animals do not have neocortex or the thinking area which are found only in mammals and primates. Research of Sneddon showed that there is evidence that monkeys, dogs, cats, and birds demonstrate signs of emotional pain and behaviors associated with depression during painful experience, lethargy, anorexia, and unresponsiveness to other animals (Sneddon, n.p.). According to Bekoff in 2007, there was a doctoral research of student that required killing cats. As the autho r started the studies, the cat looks like sad and wanted to say something. After the experienced, the author decided to study different animal behavior that focus on social communication in large range of species. In adjunct with what the other scientists stated, Mark Bekoff discovered that animals feel joy, empathy, grief, embarrassment, anger, and even love (Bekoff, n.p.). In December 2005, a female humpback whale caught in crab lines, the weight of the whale which is 50 tons and 50 ft. in size which makes it difficult for the female humpback to blow above the water. A team of divers saved the female humpback whale and James Moskito, one of the rescuers described the feeling that the female humpback like to thank the rescuers for doing such good act. The whale stopped and pushed around a little bit and had some fun, the female humpback showed feelings of gratitude to the rescuers Bekoff, n.p.) Empathy is a feeling that is believed also to be felt by animals. An example of which is the livelier mouse. Every time the livelier mouse went over to get a drink and a piece of food and found out that the weaker mouse tried to bite the food, the livelier mouse moved the food gradually towards the water until the weaker mouse reached the food (Bekoff, n.p.). Animals can also show feelings of anger the same way as humans can do: they share common

Realibility Engineering and Asset Management

Realibility Engineering and Asset Management The Strategic Process Workload Seems excessive for available resources KPIs Actual against planned performance not always recorded Standards/Procedures Lubrication not being performed properly The Work System Planning Apparent failure of entire process Utilisation of Manpower Staff seem to be overworked and/or not used properly Reliability Critical machinery is failing Reporting Too much expected on job completion Work Completion Excessive backlog of PM and defects repair The Feedback System Root Cause Analysis Not being performed Work Order feedback   Rarely completed by fitters Job Completion reports Not being reviewed The Continuous Improvement Process New Technologies Condition monitoring probe request rejected New techniques Training for maintenance staff not pursued Innovation No development of maintenance practices Corrective action No improvements being made to maintenance strategy The Environmental Process Production Pressure Plant is being sweated Shortage of Resources Appears to be insufficient for current workload The Strategic Process Maintenance Strategy Derek is busy at organising this but to the detriment of his focus on everyday items at the plant. Workload there seems to be an excessive amount in relation to the available resources. Mick states that the fitters are struggling to complete PMs and fix machine defects. Harry mentions later that the situation is worse and that they are way behind on PMs and defects. Plant patrols, which are part of the strategy, are not being performed due to time shortages. There is a possibility that the initial allocation of resources was adequate when the plant was in a healthier state but since the state of machinery has deteriorated, the maintenance staff are now overworked due to the high number of breakdowns. I believe that a collapse of the planning process is at the root of the ever increasing workload. KPIs Derek is aghast when he learns from Harry that Dougie wants to be consulted on new requirements for reporting. Derek reminds Harry and Mick that the maintenance strategy has always had a requirement for feeding back actual against planned performance. The fitters received a letter detailing job completion report requirements but instead of motivating, it seems to have riled them up. Standards/Procedures When quizzed about the cause of the compressor bearings seizure, Harry informs him that it was likely due to improper lubrication. There is either a failure of Standards or Procedures here i.e. either the lubricating standard was not correct or the lubrication procedure was not followed. The Work System Planning There has been a complete collapse in the planning process. Charlie has been instructed to concentrate on shutdown planning with no ownership being taken of the corrective maintenance activities. The planning function also includes reviewing job completion reports with the Maintenance Manager, this has also being neglected due to the focus on shutdown planning. Utilisation of Manpower There are certainly concerns with the utilisation of resources. Mick states this in no uncertain terms to Derek. There is a significant backlog of works to be completed and Mick and Harry believe that too much time is being spent on reporting and planning thus reducing tool time. Reliability Plant reliability is suffering extreme adverse effects. A failure of a critical piece of equipment has resulted in a minimum of five days downtime for the entire manufacturing operation. Reporting Reporting on equipment condition is not consistent. A fault report was filled out by Mick for the compressor in advance of its failure. However job completion reports are not being completed by all fitters. Work Completion It is clear from the scenario, that non-completion of maintenance tasks is a serious concern. Lubrication of the compressor bearings was not performed (either at all or to the right degree). Harry states also that the team are behind with their PM routines and have a serious backlog on defects. The Feedback System Root Cause Analysis Not only is root cause analysis not being performed at ACME, the maintenance supervisors are not even aware of the meaning of the concept. Harry and Mick are keen to learn about it, which instigates the Dictaphone recorded conversation. Work Order /Job Completion reports Only some of the fitters are filling in job completion reports despite it being part of the maintenance strategy. Derek is quite stunned when he learns this from Mick. To make matters worse one of the few fitters, Eddie Condon, that completes the reports is fed up as he feels that his efforts are being ignored. Plant Patrol fault reporting This is not being performed by the fitters. Because of the backlog in PM workload and fixing defects, Mick states they would have to do overtime to carry out what he refers to as detective work. Fault reporting A report on the compressor fault was completed by Mick and submitted to the planning office. However it went unnoticed by Charlie due to prioritisation of shutdown planning. Disconnect with Maintenance Strategy From the above points it is clear that there is no action being taken with the feedback that is performed at ACME. Derek states that he is too busy organising the maintenance strategy but yet he has failed to notice the breakdown in this process. The Continuous Improvement Process New Technologies Mick has been asking Derek for months to purchase the hand held condition monitoring probe. He believes that its advanced technology could provide great assistance in solving the plants equipment issues. Derek dismisses the probe as fancy stuff and requests instead that the department get back to basics. New techniques Harry reminds Derek that he was promised he could attend a training course on compressors. Harry believes that, had this advanced training been attended, ACME may not have had the compressor breakdown. However Derek reneged on his promise stating that he could not lose Harry for three weeks. Innovation There seems to be an utter lack of innovation in how maintenance is practiced at ACME. Derek appears to be disconnected from his subordinates and perhaps this is why they are stuck in a rut when it comes to changing how they do things. Corrective Action Because the feedback and feed forward loops have been severed, there are no corrections to the maintenance strategy taking place. Derek appears to be asleep at the wheel and is not aware of the challenges facing his troops. In Dereks defence, Jim Gordon has insisted that ACME embark on a time consuming World Class Maintenance Program this could be significant factor in distracting Derek from introducing the required corrective actions to the maintenance strategy. The Environmental Process Production Pressure It is clear in the scenario that production pressure has been ratcheted up. Derek has been castigated by Jim Gordon, the managing director of ACME. The plant is not running, due to equipment failure, and will not be operating for at least five more days. Such is the managing directors anger with the situation that Derek believes that his life would be in danger if a suitable weapon were present. When Derek, Mick and Harry are discussing the root cause of the compressor bearings failure, it comes up that operations have been hammering the plant due to a big order from Korea. Derek confirms that the plant has been running fifteen percent above nameplate capacity. He also feels that it may have been a factor in the compressor breakdown. His concerns were mentioned in a management strategy meeting but he was told to find a way to work around operation requirements. Shortage of Resources Harry states to Derek that the maintenance department is probably understaffed. Mick feels that they are not using the fitters in the best way. As stated earlier, ACME either does not have enough maintenance staff or how they are using them has caused the current situation of excessive work backlog to develop. There could well be a combination of shortage of resources and not optimum utilisation of the resources they have. The Strategic Process Workload Reason for high priority There are mentions throughout the scenario of the mismatch between the work that requires completion and the resources available to action it. Specific adverse effect A build up in the backlog of PMs and correction of defects. Responsible person Derek Piper. As maintenance manager, he must own the strategy and ensure that it is fit for purpose. The Work System Planning Reason for high priority I believe poor or non-existent planning is at the root of the work systems issues and it has created knock-on effects in manpower utilisation, work completion and ultimately poor machine reliability. Specific adverse effect Compressor failed because the planner was not focussed on operations and completely missed the fault report prior to its failure. Responsible person Derek Piper. Although it is Charlies role, Derek has instructed him to shift his focus to shutdown activities. The Feedback System Plant Patrol Fault Reporting Reason for high priority It is imperative that potential equipment failures are reported to the planning office. Specific adverse effect Impending failures were not recorded for processing by the planner. Responsible person Harry Warner and Mick Brice. They only informed the maintenance manager that the fitters were not performing this activity after the compressor had failed. The Continuous Improvement Process Corrective Action Reason for high priority Corrective actions are required to align the maintenance strategy with the changing availability/reliability requirements of the plant. Specific adverse effect The maintenance strategy has stagnated and is not fit for purpose in the operating environment that ACME has moved to. Responsible person Derek Piper. He could plead some defence here based on the directive from Jim Gordon to pursue the World Class Maintenance Program which is consuming his time. But ultimately he must be held accountable as maintenance manager. The Environmental Process Production Pressure Reason for high priority ACME is running the plant twenty four seven and fifteen per cent above nameplate capacity. Specific adverse effect Operations are not releasing the equipment for necessary maintenance. Responsible person Jim Gordon. For the managing director to not listen to the concerns of the maintenance manager regarding the sweating of the plant is inexcusable. Of particular note is Jims instruction to Derek to simply stop moaning. The Strategic Process Workload Recommended change The strategy needs to be reviewed by the maintenance manager in terms of dealing with current and medium term workload. An assessment on this workload will help decide the required resources to complete it. ACME may have to consider hiring temporary or sub-contracted maintenance resources to clear the backlog. There is also a minimum of five days immediately available for opportunity maintenance due to the compressor failure bringing the plant down, ACME should endeavour to capitalise on this and add a silver lining to the cloud that hangs over operations. Estimated cost High. Especially if ACME hires additional maintenance staff to clear the backlog. Feasibility Medium. There will be some difficulty in planning terms to coordinate self-delivered and outsourced resources. The Work System Planning Recommended change Hire a specialist temporary resource to support Charlie in the planning department. This will allow corrective and shutdown work to be planned concurrently. As part of this change, the weekly job completion reports review meetings will have to be immediately reinstated. In the longer term, a review will have to be undertaken on the level of planning detail for minor works as Harry states that it is excessive. Estimated cost Medium. If the shutdown is less than two weeks duration, recruitment costs should not exceed  £10k. Feasibility Medium. The maintenance manager will need to make a case to senior management that justifies this course of action and associated cost. If this option proves to be a success, it can be built into the strategy for future shutdowns. The Feedback System Plant Patrol Fault Reporting Recommended change Plant patrol fault reporting must resume. ACME may have to wait until the maintenance backlog is cleared before re-implementation. One option would be to resume it at a reduced frequency e.g. if its currently a daily activity, move it to a weekly activity in the medium term. Estimated cost Low. No additional expense should be incurred. Feasibility High. The Continuous Improvement Process Corrective Action Recommended change The maintenance manager has to be receptive to both feedback and feed forward information. He must use these inputs to align the strategy with the needs of the company. Estimated cost Low. It is part of the maintenance managers job. Feasibility High. The Environmental Process Production Pressure Recommended change All stakeholders including the managing director, operations manager and the Chairman need to work with the maintenance manager in creating a medium to long term maintenance strategy. This will help facilitate achieving the required production targets. Estimated cost High. Equipment investment and additional maintenance staff recruitment is highly likely in order to increase and maintain the nameplate capacity of the plant. Feasibility Medium. If Jim Gordon is serious about keeping the plant running at all costs, then the investment funds should be made available. The compressor failure and resultant plant downtime seems like an accident that was waiting to happen. When we analyse the circumstances surrounding the event, its clear that the maintenance system had failed. Through all of this, Derek Piper was lost at sea and to clash metaphors had his head buried in the sand. As a consequence, the planning process collapsed, feedback was not acted on and the maintenance strategy became unfit for purpose. He can claim that external pressure from the managing director, with the demand of increased plant output and reduced windows for PM activities, caused the system to fail. Although there may be some validity in this claim, I believe that every manager has two high level challenges: the first is to lead subordinates, the second being to manage the expectations of superiors. Times will come when a manager has to push back and stand up to unreasonable demands of company bosses. If a manager does not display this inner strength and backbone, he will likely be trampled on at some stage. Its clear at ACME that Jim Gordon had subdued Derek Piper and I believe Derek would not have had the strength to resist when the decision was made to sweat the plant and run it above nameplate capacity. If I was to apply a percentage weighting of blame for the situation that ACME finds itself in, it would be 65/25/10 for the maintenance manager, managing director and maintenance supervisors respectively. Its interesting that the question states if you were appointed maintenance manager as I believe the only option that will rescue the situation is the replacement of Derek Piper in his role. A rebuilding process is required in the ACME maintenance department. This should start from the top down with a new manager. Derek is in the unenviable position that football mangers often find themselves in, he has lost the confidence of both senior management and the dressing room the dressing room equivalent being the shop floor fitters. He now very much remains an isolated figure at ACME. A carefully chosen new appointee to the role of maintenance manager would bring a fresh impetus. The candidate should come from outside the company as such a person would not carry any baggage from the current ACME situation. In the Recommendations section of this paper, I have deliberately avoided mentioning Derek Piper by name and referred to the role of maintenance manager instead. This is because I do no t see him as part of the solution. He may be required to get the compressor repaired and the plant back running but once this is achieved, his removal and succession should be planned. If I was appointed maintenance manager, I would look to introducing a new style of leadership to the maintenance department. My approach would be to lead from the front, engage with the fitters and regularly visit their turf to get a feel for their daily challenges. A strong focus would have to be applied to resuming the effectiveness and efficiency of the planning function. Feedback and feed forward lines would have to be reconnected and the maintenance strategy would require improvement action when necessary. Strength of character and assertiveness would be required to deal with Jim Gordon in order to explain to him both the limits of production equipment and the necessity for appropriate maintenance. As maintenance manager, I would also have to ready myself for battle in securing investment for new equipment and possible recruitment of additional maintenance staff. Immediate consideration needs to be given to introducing redundancy for critical equipment. If there was a spare compressor to switch over to, the plant would have kept running. If the expense of a standby compressor is not approved, contingency needs to be made can we roll in a temporary machine and connect it in the event of a breakdown? The challenge here is to convince ACME senior management of the benefits of investment and consequences of not spending i.e. a repeat of the last major equipment failure. I know its very easy to state these high level objectives and will be much harder to drive them through to implementation but the job can only be tackled with the confident belief in success. ACME seems to be in a good place regarding sales orders, all that is needed now is a companywide belief in the importance of a sustainable maintenance system.

Carbon Trading

Carbon Trading: Future Money Making Venture for India Sarika Gupta Assistant Professor, P. M. B. Gujrati Commerce Collage, Indore Abstract Carbon Trading are generated by enterprises in the developing world that shift to cleaner technologies and thereby consumption, consequently reducing their greenhouse gas emissions. For each tone of carbon dioxide (the major GHG) emission avoided, the entity can get a carbon emission certificate which they can sell either immediately or through a futures market, just like any other commodity.The certificates are sold to entities in rich countries, like power utilities, which have targets to achieve and find it cheaper to buy ‘offsetting' certificates rather than do a clean-up in their own backyard. This trade is carried out under a mandated international convention on climate change to help rich countries reduce their emissions. Carbon dioxide, the most important greenhouse gas produced by combustion of fuels, has become a cause of global pa nic as its concentration in the Earth's atmosphere has been rising alarmingly.This devil, however, is now turning into a product that helps people, countries, consultants, traders, corporations and even farmers earn billions of rupees. This was an unimaginable trading opportunity not more than a decade ago. Introduction Carbon Trading are a part of international emission trading norms. They give incentives to companies or countries which emit less carbon. The total annual emissions are capped and the market allocates a monetary value to any shortfall through trading. Businesses can exchange, buy or sell Carbon Credit in international markets at the prevailing market price.India and China are likely to emerge as the biggest sellers and Europe is going to be the biggest buyers of Carbon Credit. India is one of the countries that have ‘credits' for emitting less carbon. India and China have surplus credit to offer to countries that have a deficit. India has generated some 30 mill ion Carbon Credits and has roughly another 140 million to push into the world market. Waste disposal units, plantation companies, chemical plants and municipal corporations can sell the Carbon Credits and make money.Carbon, like any other commodity, has begun to be traded on India’s Multi Commodity Exchange for last 3-4 years. MCX has become first exchange in Asia to trade Carbon Credits. Carbon Trading certify the removal of greenhouse gas from the air or the prevention of greenhouse gas emissions. Each carbon credit is associated with a single tone of carbon dioxide. There are many different kinds of Carbon Trading. How does Carbon Credit save the planet? As nations have progressed we have been emitting carbon, or gases which result in warming of the globe.Some decades ago a debate started on how to reduce the emission of harmful gases that contributes to the greenhouse effect that causes global warming. So, countries came together and signed an agreement named the Kyoto Pr otocol. The Kyoto Protocol has created a mechanism under which countries that have been emitting more carbon and other gases (greenhouse gases include ozone, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and even water vapor) have voluntarily decided that they will bring down the level of carbon they are emitting to the levels of early 1990s.Developed countries, mostly European, had said that they will bring down the level in the period from 2008 to 2012. In 2008, these developed countries have decided on different norms to bring down the level of emission fixed for their companies and factories. A company has two ways to reduce emissions. (a) One, it can reduce the GHG (greenhouse gases) by adopting new technology or improving upon the existing technology to attain the new norms for emission of gases. (b) Or it can tie up with developing nations and help them set up new technology that is eco-friendly, thereby helping developing country or its companies ‘earn' credits.India, China a nd some other Asian countries have the advantage because they are developing countries. Any company, factories or farm owner in India can get linked to United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and know the ‘standard' level of carbon emission allowed for its outfit or activity. The extent to which I am emitting less carbon (as per standard fixed by UNFCCC) I get credited in a developing country. This is called carbon credit. These credits are bought over by the companies of developed countries mostly Europeans because the United States has not signed the Kyoto Protocol.How does it work in real life? Assume that British Petroleum is running a plant in the United Kingdom. Say, that it is emitting more gases than the accepted norms of the UNFCCC. It can tie up with its own subsidiary in, say, India or China under the Clean Development Mechanism. It can buy the ‘carbon credit' by making Indian or Chinese plant more eco-savvy with the help of technology transfer. It can tie up with any other company like Indian Oil, or anybody else, in the open market. In December 2008, an audit will be done of their efforts to reduce gases and their actual level of emission.China and India are ensuring that new technologies for energy savings are adopted so that they become entitled for more Carbon Trading. They are selling their credits to their counterparts in Europe. This is how a market for carbon credit is created. Every year European companies are required to meet certain norms, beginning 2008. By 2012, they will achieve the required standard of carbon emission. So, in the coming five years there will be a lot of carbon credit deals. Where do Carbon Trading fit in the planet saving action plan? 1. Recognize that everything we do has associated greenhouse gas emissions 2.Reduce your emissions. 3. Offset with fully certified Carbon Trading today (because the planet can't wait) Certification: the difference between carbon offsets and Carbon Trading There are many retailers offering uncertified carbon offsets. Purchasers should avoid carbon offsets that don't come with a certification as they provide no guarantees that you are getting what you are paying for. All certifications are not equal There are many different kinds of certification available globally. Before you buy, make sure that the certification comes from a trusted third party source.For larger orders Carbon Planet can source any kind of certified carbon credit you seek. However, we do recommend our standard premium stock of NGACs. Find out more about our procurement policies we enforce when sourcing Carbon Trading for you to buy. Carbon Planet currently offers 2 different kinds of certified Carbon Credit as standard stock: 1. Forestry Sequestration NGACs from Forests NSW 2. Carbon Saving NGACs from Showerhead and Light bulb replacement. Forestry Sequestration NGACs The New South Wales Greenhouse Abatement Certificate (NGAC) certification process is comprehensive.It incl udes Kyoto Protocol measures, but goes beyond these. In summary the NGAC certification process ensures the following: * That each NGAC represents one tone of carbon dioxide stored for at least 100 years. * That the trees have been planted since 1990. * That the trees weren't planted on old growth forest cleared land (the land must have been clear prior to 1990). * That should the tree from which your carbon credit came come to any harm within 100 years of your purchase e. g. fire, disease, logging; that carbon credit will be replaced immediately from another source. From NSW Government â€Å"When can a forest manager create NGACs† NSW Greenhouse Gas Abatement Scheme Fact Sheet Published: October 2004). Forests NSW's carbon pool is audited annually to ensure that every carbon credit issued corresponds to one tonne of carbon dioxide removed from the atmosphere for 100 years. Carbon Saving NGACs Carbon Planet's current stock of Carbon Saving NGACs is generated from shower head a nd light bulb replacement. This is called Demand Side Abatement. The NGAC certification ensures, with a high level of confidence, that at least one tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent has been saved per carbon credit.Thus by purchasing a monthly subscription of NGAC Carbon Trading, you can continuously erase your CO2 footprints. Procedure of trading in carbon: (i) What is Clean Development Mechanism? Under the CDM you can cut the deal for carbon credit. Under the UNFCCC, charter any company from the developed world can tie up with a company in the developing country that is a signatory to the Kyoto Protocol. These companies in developing countries must adopt newer technologies, emitting lesser gases, and save energy.Only a portion of the total earnings of Carbon Trading of the company can be transferred to the company of the developed countries under CDM. There is a fixed quota on buying of credit by companies in Europe. (ii) How does MCX trade Carbon Credits? This entire process was not understood well by many. Those who knew about the possibility of earning profits, adopted new technologies, saved credits and sold it to improve their bottom line. Many companies did not apply to get credit even though they had new technologies. Some companies used management consultancies to make their plan greener to emit less (Green House Gas) GHG.These management consultancies then scouted for buyers to sell Carbon Trading. It was a bilateral deal. However, the price to sell Carbon Trading at was not available on a public platform. The price range people were getting used to was about Euro 15 or maybe less per tone of carbon. Today, one tone of carbon credit fetches around Euro 22. It is traded on the European Climate Exchange. Therefore, you emit one tone less and you get Euro 22. â€Å"Emit less and increase/add to your profit† MCX is the futures exchange of India. People here are getting price signals for the carbon for the delivery in next five years.The exchange is only for Indians and Indian companies. Every year, in the month of December, the contract expires and at that time people who have bought or sold carbon get or take delivery. They can fulfill the deal prior to December too, but most people wait until December because that is the time to meet the norms in Europe. The MCX decides to trade Carbon Credit because they are into futures trading. Let people decide, if they want to hold on to their accumulated Carbon Credit or sell them now. If the buyer thinks that the current price is low for him, he can wait before selling his credits.The Indian government has not fixed any norms nor has it made it compulsory to reduce carbon emissions to a certain level. So, people who are ready to buy from Indians are actually financial investors. They think that if the Europeans are unable to meet their target of reducing the emission levels by 2009 or 2010 or 2012, then the demand for the carbon will increase and then they can make more money. So the investors are willing to buy now to sell later. There was a huge requirement of Carbon Trading in Europe before 2012. There are parameters set and detailed audit is done before you get the entitlement to sell the credit.In India, already 300 to 400 companies have Carbon Trading after meeting UNFCCC norms. Only those Indian companies that meet the UNFCCC norms and take up new technologies will be entitled to sell Carbon Trading. Till MCX came along, these companies were not getting best-suited price. Some were getting Euro 15 and some were getting Euro 18 through bilateral agreements. When the contract expires in December, it is expected that prices will be firm up then. On MCX we already have power, energy and metal companies who are trading. These companies are high-energy consuming companies. They need better technology to emit less carbon.These Carbon Trading are with the large manufacturing companies who are adopting UNFCCC norms. Retail investors can come in the market and buy the contract if they think the market of carbon is going to firm up. Like any other asset they can buy these too. It is kept in the form of an electronic certificate. The registry and the ownership travel from the original owner to the next buyer. In the short-term, large investors are likely to come and later banks are also expected to get into the market too. This business is a function of money, and someone will have to hold on to these big transactions to sell at the appropriate time.Price Determination Like in the case of any other asset, its price is determined by a function of demand and supply. Now, norms are known and on that basis European companies will meet the target between December 2008 and 2012. People are wondering how much credit will be available in market at that time. As December gets closer, it is possible that some government might tinker with these norms a little if the targets could not be met. If these norms are changed, prices can go through a correcti on. But, as of now, there is a very transparent mechanism in which the norms for the next five years have been fixed.Governments have become signatories to the Kyoto Protocol and they have set the norms to reduce the level of carbon emission. Already companies are on the way to meet their targets. It is a safe market because it is a matter of having more information on the extent of demand and supply of carbon credit market. Analyzing Indian Scenario India being a developing country has no emission targets to be followed. However, she can enter into CDM projects. As mentioned earlier, industries like cement, steel, power, textile, fertilizer etc. emit green houses gases as an outcome of burning fossil fuels. Companies investing in Windmill,Bio-gas, Bio-diesel, and Co-generation are the ones that will generate Carbon Credit for selling to developed nations. Polluting industries, which are trying to reduce emissions and in turn earn Carbon Credit and make money include steel, power ge neration, cement, fertilizers, waste disposal units, plantation companies, sugar companies, chemical plants and municipal corporations. Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) A must mention project is The Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC): It has become the first rail project in the world to earn Carbon Credit because of using regenerative braking system in its rolling stock.DMRC has earned the Carbon Credit by using regenerative braking system in its trains that reduces 30% electricity consumption. Whenever a train applies regenerative braking system, the released kinetic energy starts a machine known as converter-inverter that acts as an electricity generator, which supplies electrical energy back to the Over Head Electricity (OHE) lines. This regenerated electrical energy that is supplied back to the OHE that is used by other accelerating trains in the same service line. DMRC can now claim 400,000 CERs for a 10-year crediting period beginning December 2007 when the project was reg istered by the UNFCCC.This translates to Rs 1. 2 crore per year for 10 years. India has the highest number of CDM projects registered and supplies the second highest number of Certified Emission Reduction units. Hence, India is already a strong supplier of Carbon Credit and can improve it. BENEFITS FOR INDIA By, switching to Clean Development Mechanism Projects, India has a lot to gain from Carbon Trading: a) It will gain in terms of advanced technological improvements and related foreign investments. b) It will contribute to the underlying theme of green house gas reduction by adopting alternative sources of energy. ) Indian companies can make profits by selling the CERs to the developed countries to meet their emission targets. TRADING OF CERS: †¢ As a welcome scenario, India now has two Commodity exchanges trading in Carbon Credit. This means that Indian Companies can now get a better trading platform and price for CERs generated. †¢ Multi Commodity Exchange (MCX), Indi a’s largest commodity exchange, has launched futures trading in Carbon Credit. The initiative makes it Asia's first-ever commodity exchange and among the select few along with the Chicago Climate Exchange (CCE) and the European Climate Exchange to offer trades in Carbon Credit.The Indian exchange also expects its tie-up with CCX which will enable Indian firms to get better prices for their Carbon Trading and better integrate the Indian market with the global markets to foster best practices in emissions trading. †¢ On 11th April 2008, National Commodity and Derivatives Exchange (NCDEX) also has started futures contract in Carbon Trading for delivery in December 2008. †¢ MCX is the futures exchange. People here are getting price signals for the carbon for the delivery in next five years. The exchange is only for Indians and Indian companies.Every year, in the month of December, the contract expires and at that time people who have bought or sold carbon will have to g ive or take delivery. They can fulfill the deal prior to December too, but most people will wait until December because that is the time to meet the norms in Europe. If the Indian buyer thinks that the current price is low he will wait before selling his credits. The Indian government has not fixed any norms nor has it made it compulsory to reduce carbon emissions to a certain level. So, people who are coming to buy from Indians are actually financial investors.They are thinking that if the Europeans are unable to meet their target of reducing the emission levels by 2009, 2010 or 2012, then the demand for the carbon will increase and then they may make more money. So investors are willing to buy now to sell later. There is a huge requirement of Carbon Trading in Europe before 2012. Only those Indian companies that meet the UNFCCC norms and take up new technologies will be entitled to sell Carbon Trading. There are parameters set and detailed audit is done before you get the entitlem ent to sell the credit. Financing support in India: †¢ Carbon Trading projects requires huge capital investment.Realizing the importance of Carbon Trading in India, The World Bank has entered into an agreement with Infrastructure Development Finance Company (IDFC), wherein IDFC will handle carbon finance operations in the country for various carbon finance facilities. †¢ The agreement initially earmarks a $10-million aid in World Bank-managed carbon finance to IDFC-financed projects that meet all the required eligibility and due diligence standards. †¢ IDBI has set up a dedicated Carbon Credit desk, which provides all the services in the area of Clean Development Mechanism/Carbon Credit (CDM). In order to achieve this objective, IDBI has entered into formal arrangements with multi-lateral agencies and buyers of Carbon Trading like IFC, Washington, KfW, Germany and Sumitomo Corporation, Japan and reputed domestic technical experts like MITCON. †¢ HDFC Bank has sig ned an agreement with Cantor CO2E India Pvt. Ltd and MITCON Consultancy Services Limited (MITCON) for providing carbon credit services. As part of the agreement, HDFC Bank will work with the two companies on awareness building, identifying and registering Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and facilitating the buy or sell of Carbon Credit in the global market.International moves to promote energy self-sufficiency and cut carbon emissions will create a unique opportunity for innovative start-ups to emerge as key infrastructure players over the next few years. The transition to a low-carbon economy will spark a period of historic flux within the business community, characterized by fast-emerging companies and heightened mergers and acquisition activity across the clean tech sector.The global trade in Carbon Credits has taken off fairly well with the turnover going up from $11 billion in 2005 to $118 billion in 2008. Carbon markets investments planned have exceeded all expectations. But the resistance to the idea seems to be gathering steam with many in the developed countries pointing out procedural deficiencies and arguing that Carbon Credits will confer unfair advantages on companies in developing countries like China and India, the major sellers of carbon credit.But despite growing opposition, the concept of Carbon Credits continues to soar steadily, boosting the number of emission-reducing projects in the pipeline from 490 in end-2005 to 4,782 in November 2009, and pushing up the total Carbon Credit supply from 704 million CERs to 2,820 million CERs during the period. One reason the concept of Carbon Credits has gained popularity is its ability to create a political alliance of forces on opposing sides like Left-wing environmentalists and free market proponents.While the former believe that the polluters have no significant incentives for self-regulation and have to be curbed through government intervention, the latter believe that such command and control in tervention would wreak havoc and that the market would eventually offer an optimal solution. Carbon trading regulations helped break the impasse by providing a clear target that the environmentalists could embrace, while at the same time favoring the market mechanism over governmental regulation as advocated by the Right.An added advantage of the Carbon Credits is that it optimizes investments in emission-reduction projects by encouraging projects in countries where the cost of reducing emissions is the least, which generally goes in favor of developing countries. Countries like India have favored carbon trade, as it offers a win-win situation for both entrepreneurs and the broader society. While innovative companies that help reduce emissions are provided with Carbon Credits, which they can encase to boost viability or earn profits, the gains to society accrue in the form of a smaller destabilizing impact on the environment.Opportunities for carbon-efficient companies in India IFC and Standard ; Poor’s have launched the world’s first carbon-efficient index for emerging markets that aims to mobilize more than $1 billion for carbon-efficient companies over the next three years. The innovative S;P/IFC Carbon Efficient Index will encourage carbon-based competition among emerging-market companies, give carbon-efficient companies access to long-term investors, and should help reduce carbon emissions in developing countries. The index was developed by S;P using carbon data provided by environmental data provider Trucost.IFC provided financial support to the S;P/Trucost consortium to accelerate the carbon research on emerging-market companies, and it provided technical support to help validate and refine the methodology. The rollout of smart grid and renewable energy technologies will also usher in transformative alliances between automakers, utilities, battery makers, communications providers and renewable energy firms as they each seek to play a role in the development of integrated low-carbon infrastructure projects.Companies that identify their roles and capitalise on these new alliances earliest will establish sizable leads in nascent clean technology markets. New forms of public-private partnerships will be necessary in creating a ubiquitous, national smart grid, but these new models of collaboration must be closely managed to ensure technologies are rolled out quickly and effectively. Underpinning these clean technology transformations is increased support from the investment community Referances * Mathews, John A. 2008) â€Å"How Carbon Credits could drive the emergence of renewable energies†http://ideas. repec. org/a/eee/enepol/v36y2008i10p3633-3639. html * www. rediff. com/money/2008/feb/05inter. * www. carbontrading. com/c/ * ions Trading; Joint Implementation; Clean Development Mechanindex. php%3Fa†¦ – Cached – Similar * Carbon Tredits India. Emissism (CDM) †¦ India has generated approxim ately 30 Million Carbon Credits and approximately www. globaladvisors * Carbon Credits; by Garg A . in Chartered Secretary November , 2009. * National solid waste of India . News letter, February 2007.

The Controversy Surrounding Gender Inequality - 2040 Words

Introduction The controversy surrounding gender inequality has been ever present. However, the definition and understanding of gender inequality appear to have changed over time as it became increasingly recognised that is a serious social problem that affects a significant proportion our society. According to Hirby (2016) gender inequality, is sometimes called sex discrimination, which means receiving unequal treatment based solely on gender. Women are believed to be greatest victims of gender inequality in the workplace. Despite decades of reform, statistics suggest that for every dollar a man earns a woman in a similar job earns just 77 cents (Hirby, 2016). This suggests that there are still improvements to be made. Rationale Previously, gender inequality was like a taboo subject. Due to campaigns by women groups and activists, many governments are beginning acknowledge it as a significant problem, and several pieces of legislations have been passed in different countries to address this inequality. For example, in the UK, the Equality Act 2010 is the current legislation against sex discrimination The consensus is that a better understanding of gender inequality and the factors that have given rise to such practices may be a way forward in attempting to eliminate if from the workplace. Controversy and the Significance The big question is it Unequal treatment rather than Just Different. 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